Pronunciation: /əˈbreɪʒ(ə)n/ · Part of speech: noun · Field: general medicine / dermatology · Common term: graze, scrape

Definition. An abrasion is a condition in which the surface of the skin has been rubbed off by a rough surface, leaving a raw area that may bleed. In everyday language it is called a graze or a scrape. It is a superficial wound, affecting mainly the outer layers of the skin rather than penetrating deeply.

How it occurs. Abrasions typically result from friction — when the skin is dragged across a hard or rough surface, such as in a fall onto pavement, gravel, or a sports field (“road rash” is a common example). The mechanical rubbing removes the outermost skin layers (the epidermis and sometimes the upper dermis), exposing the more sensitive tissue beneath. Because many small blood vessels and nerve endings lie close to the surface, abrasions often sting, ooze, or bleed slightly even though they are not deep.

Why even minor abrasions matter. As the accompanying comment stresses, intact skin is an efficient barrier against bacteria, so any break in it — even a minor one — can let infection enter the body. For this reason, abrasions should be cleaned and treated with an antiseptic. General first-aid principles for a minor abrasion are to gently clean the area to remove dirt and debris, apply an antiseptic, and cover it if needed to keep it clean while it heals. Larger, deeper, heavily contaminated, or non-healing wounds, or any showing signs of infection (increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or fever), should be assessed by a healthcare professional.

Healing. Because abrasions are superficial, they usually heal well, often without scarring, as the skin regenerates from the surrounding and underlying cells. Keeping the wound clean supports healing and reduces the risk of infection.

Other meanings. The word abrasion is also used in dentistry, where dental abrasion refers to the wearing away of tooth surface by mechanical forces such as over-vigorous brushing. More generally, “abrasion” can describe any wearing away of a surface by rubbing.

Distinction from related terms. A laceration is a cut or tear that penetrates more deeply, with torn rather than rubbed edges. An incision is a clean cut, such as from a blade. A contusion (bruise) involves damage to tissues beneath intact skin. A puncture is a deep, narrow wound. An abrasion is distinguished by being a superficial scraping away of the skin surface.

Etymology. From Latin abrasio, from abradere, “to scrape off” (ab- = away + radere = to scrape) — literally, a scraping away.

⚠️ Disclaimer: This explanation is provided for general educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding any clinical questions or before treating a wound.